Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. However, some women with this disorder do not have cysts, while some women without the disorder do develop cysts.

 

The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means the body can't use insulin well. Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause higher androgen levels. Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS symptoms worse.

 

Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne and obesity.

 

Treatment for PCOS is often done with medication. Treatments such as birth control pills to regulate menstrual cycles, metformin to counter insulin resistance and prevent diabetes, statins to manage high cholesterol, hormones to boost fertility, and procedures to remove excess hair may be prescribed. This can’t cure PCOS, but it helps reduce symptoms and prevent some health problems.